Network user equilibrium of battery electric vehicles considering flow-dependent electricity consumption

equilibrium

شبکه تعادل کاربران باتری خودروهای برقی با توجه به مصرف برق وابسته به جریان This paper addresses the equilibrium traffic assignment problem involving battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with flow-dependent electricity consumption. Due to the limited driving range and the costly/time-consuming recharging process required by current BEVs, as well as the …

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An integer optimality condition for column generation on zero–one linear programs

integer

یک شرایط بهینه مطلق برای تولید ستون در برنامه های خطی صفر Column generation is a linear programming method that, when combined with appropriate integer programming techniques, has been successfully used for solving huge integer programs. The method alternates between a restricted master problem and a column generation subproblem. The …

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GHG mitigation of railway concrete products using eco-concrete and surface protection agent

GHG

کاهش GHG محصولات بتنی راه آهن با استفاده از عامل حفاظت از محیط زیست و بتن This study investigated the life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) mitigation effect of railway infrastructure through the application of an eco-concrete, using ground granulated blast furnace (GGBF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag as …

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Numerical determination of concrete crack width for corrosion-affected concrete structures

Numerical

تعیین عددی عرض بتنی برای سازه های بتنی مقاوم در برابر خوردگی Corrosion-induced deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures results in premature failure of the RC structures. In practice concrete crack width is one of the most important criteria for the assessment of the serviceability of RC structures. It is …

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How should taxes be designed to encourage entrepreneurship?

encourage

چگونه باید مالیات برای تشویق کارآفرینی طراحی شود؟ This paper examines how tax policy should be designed to best encourage entrepreneurial activity in start-up firms. We begin by describing several presumed market failures affecting entrepreneurial firms that would lead to an under-provision of entrepreneurial activity: 1) information spillovers from innovations …

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WTO membership and the shift to consumption taxes

membership

عضویت در سازمان تجارت جهانی و تغییر مالیات مصرفی This paper explores tax policy effects and revenue implications of joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It documents that countries joining GATT/WTO after 1990 have implemented tariff-cum-tax reforms, lowering tariff …

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Biocompatible and electroconductive polyaniline-based biomaterials for electrical stimulation

electrical

مواد بیولوژیک بیولوژیک و الکترومغناطیسی مبتنی بر پلیانیلن برای تحریک الکتریکی Polyaniline (PANI) involved materials have extended approved applications in different fields, including bio/chemical-sensors, electrical and electrochemical devices, electrochemically active membranes and stimuli-responsive systems. These materials have attracted most of the interest in the field of development of biomaterials for …

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Emerging artificial intelligence methods in structural engineering

Emerging

روش های جدید هوش مصنوعی در مهندسی ساخت و ساز Artificial intelligence (AI) is proving to be an efficient alternative approach to classical modeling techniques. AI refers to the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with human-like intelligence. Compared to traditional methods, AI offers advantages to deal …

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Response spectrum devices for active learning in earthquake engineering education

spectrum

دستگاه طیف سنج برای یادگیری فعال در آموزش مهندسی زلزله Structural and geotechnical engineers regularly use response spectra to assess the response of civil infrastructure to earthquakes; however, the underlying concepts of response spectra are often difficult for civil engineering students to grasp. Hardware specifications for two low cost response …

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